Hi there

simo_zio
If you remove the plugs from the radio/amp unit under the dash, you will see that the cable colours match the ones that go to the speakers. The yellow/black ones in your pic are in the plug but you will not see them until you remove the plug from the radio/amp unit.
Also, you mention,
"I guess it is the input cables into the amplifier" and,
"lose less audio details than the "weak" cables that go from the car radio to the amplifier".
There are NO audio signals generated by the, "head unit/display". It is simply a display/control interface. The only analog audio signals are those high level/speaker outputs coming out of the amp/radio unit.
Colours should be something like this...
Green Left Rear Speaker [+]
Blue Left Front Speaker [+]
Yellow Right Front Speaker [+]
Blue/Black Right Rear Speaker [-]
Brown/Blue Left Front Speaker [-]
Yellow/Black Right Front Speaker [-]
White Right Rear Speaker [+]
Green/Black Left Rear Speaker [-]